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Diskussionsbeitrag zu Paeonia rockii und den (vielleicht) gültigen Namen ihrer Unterarten

Xiangyun Zhu1 & Tao Hong2

TAXON 54 (3) • August 2005: 806-807

Validation and neotypification of Paeonia rockii subsp. linyanshanii (Paeoniaceae)


1 Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China, xiangyunzhu@ibcas.ac.cn

2 Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China,

"Paeonia rockii subsp. linyanshanii T. Hong & G L. Osti" was not validly published in 1994 because it was assigned to "Paeonia rockii (S. G Haw & L. A. Lauener) T. Hong & J. J. Li", which was not then a validly published name. Although the species name was validated in 1998 as Paeonia rockii (S. G Haw & L. A. Lauener) T. Hong & J. J. Li ex D. Y. Hong, P. rockii subsp. linyanshanii has still not been validly published, although P. suffruticosa var. linyanshanii J. J. Halda was validly published in 1997. P. rockii subsp. linyanshanii is validated here, based on Handa's varietal name, and, because the holotype was not preserved, a neo-type is designated.


KEYWORDS: Paeoniaceae, Paeonia rockii subsp. linyanshanii, validation.


"Paeonia rockii subsp. linyanshanii T. Hong & G L. Osti" (Hong & Osti, 1994) was not validly published because it was assigned to "Paeonia rockii (S. G Haw & L. A. Lauener) T. Hong & J. J. Li" (Hong & al., 1992), which was not a validly published name because a direct reference, as required under Art. 33.3 of the Saint Louis Code (Greuter & al., 2000), was not given to its basionym, P. suffruticosa subsp. rockii, the page numbers cited, "273-281", being those of the whole paper in which the subspecies was described and not those of the validating description and diagnosis (cf. Art. 33 Note 1). The Haw & Lauener (1990) paper includes other new taxa, e.g., P. suffuticosa Andr. subsp. spontanea (Rehder) S. G Haw & L. A. Lauener (p. 278). Because, in 1994, P. rockii was not validly published under Art. 33.3, P. rockii subsp. linyanshanii was not validly published by Hong & Osti (1994) under Art. 43.1.

Halda (1997) proposed as a new combination, "P. suffruticosa subsp. rockii var. linyanshanii (T. Hong & G L. Osti) J. J. Halda", based on "P. rockii subsp. linyanshanii but as we have shown, this was not a validly published name and hence Halda's name cannot be treated as a new combination. It is, however, validly published as a new variety, because, by citing "Paeonia rockii subsp. linyanshanii T. Hong & G L. Osti", Halda provided a reference to a previously and effectively published Latin diagnosis and description of his variety, satisfying the requirement of Art. 32.1 (c) for valid publication of a new taxon; in the same way, as required under Art. 37.1, he also "indicated" as type, the "Holotypus" designated by Hong & Osti (1994). The varietal name should be cited as P. suffruticosa var. linyanshanii J. J. Halda.

Although Paeonia rockii was validated in 1998 by D. Y. Hong as P. rockii (S. G Haw & L. A. Lauener) T. Hong & J. J. Li ex D. Y. Hong, P. rockii subsp. linyanshanii is still not validly published because in D. Y. Hong's publications (e.g., Hong, 1998; Hong & Pan, 1999a, b) this subspecies is treated as a synonym of P. rockii subsp. rockii. Moreover, Hong & Pan (2005a) treated P. suffruticosa var. linyanshanii J. J. Halda as a synonym of P. rockii.

Hong & Pan (2005b) stated that "when T. Hong and G L. Osti published P. rockii subsp. linyanshanii, they designated holotype in CAF, but it has been searched there twice without result, and then T. Hong told the keeper of CAF that no type material was preserved. Thus we designated a neotype". The neotype designated by Hong & Pan (2005b) is not acceptable because it is assigned to "P. rockii subsp. linyanshanii which, not being a validly published name, has no status under Art. 12.1. Hong & Pan (2005b) do also cite a "P. linyanshanii (S. G Maw & L. A. Lauener) B. A. Shen", but this is also not a validly published name (and not an illegitimate name as Hong & Fan claim). Shen (2001) do not include a validly published basionym for his supposed new combination, and indeed, from the parenthetical author citation, „linyanshanii“ may have been merely a slip of the pen (lapsus calami) for „rockii".

The current paper validates P. rockii susbsp. linyanshanii as a new combination based on the validly published varietal name P. rockii var. linyanshanii, and because its designated type has been shown not to exist, a specimen, Zhang Qi-rong 19920517, that was not cited in the original publication, is designated as the neotype because all three specimens cited in the original paper (Hong & Osti, 1994) were not preserved (Hong & Pan, 2005b). The authorship of the name must change in that it is based on J. J. Halda's variety, but the subspecific combination is still attributed to T. Hong & G L. Osti (Art. 46.2 last sentence). The subspecific name is validated below.


Paeonia rockii (S. G Haw & L. A. Lauener) T. Hong & J. J. Li ex D. Y. Hong subsp. linyanshanii (J. J. Halda) T. Hong & G L. Osti, stat. nov.: P. suffruticosa var. linyanshanii J. J. Halda in Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Natur. 4: 30. (1997). - Type: China: Gansu, Wenxian, Baimahegou, 1570 m, wild, 28 Apr 1993, Zhang Qi-rong 19930428 (Holotype, CAF -not preserved); 1200-1400 m, wild, 17 May 1992, Zhang Qi-rong 19920517 (Neotype, PE!)



ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS


The authors thank Profs. D. Y. Hong and K. Y. Pan for providing necessary literature and Dr. John McNeill for advice on nomenclature and for critically reviewing the manuscript.


LITERATURE CITED


Greuter, W., McNeill, J., Barrie, F. R., Burdet, H. M., Demoulin, V., Filgueiras, T. S., Nicolson, D. H., Silva, P. C., Skog, J., Trehane, P., Turland, N. J. & Hawksworth, D. L. (eds.). 2000. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature (Saint Louis Code) Adopted by the Sixteenth International Botanical Congress, St. Louis, Missouri, July-August 1999. Koeltz Scientific Books, Konigstein. \Regnum Veg. 138.]



Haw, S. G. & Lauener L. A. 1990. A review of the infraspecific taxa of Paeonia suffruticosa Andrews. Edinburgh J. Bot. 47: 273-281.


Type: China, Kansu [Gansu], 'probably near Wutu [Wudu], (Farrer's Chieh Jo)', [probably iv 1914], Farrer (no. 8?) (holo. E).


CHINA: Shaanxi, Nan Wutai Shan, 'vicinity of Kuwanpeshu' [Guwanbaishu], flower white with deep purple centre, 14 v 1939, T. M. Liou, P. C. Tsoong el C. S. Tien 127 (PE); SE Kansu [Gansu!, near Wang Kia Wan [probably Wang Jia Wan], Licent 5006 (K); two specimens grown from Rock's seed cult. in the garden of F. C. Stem at Highdown. 10 v 1938, (K); cult. spec. from the garden of Mr G. P. Baker, Sevenoaks. 26 v 1940, W. T. Steam s.n. (K); cult. spec. at E under ref. no. 59-9781, from a plant at Logan (E).

Northern Sichuan (fide Pan, 1979), southern Gansu and southern Shaanxi (Qinling range from Nan Wutai Shan, south of Xian, westwards).

Halda, J. J. 1997. Systematic treatment of the genus Paeonia L. with some nomenclatorial changes. Acta Mus. Richnov., Sect. Nat. 4: 25-32, 1997.


P. suffruticosa Andr. subsp. rockii S. G. Haw & L. A. Lauener var. linyanshanii (T. Hong et G. L. Osti) J. J. Halda stat. nov.

[bas: P. rockii (S. G. Haw & L. A. Lauener) T. Hong et J. J. Li subsp. linyanshanii T. Hong et G. L Osti in Bull. Bot. Res. 14(3):237 (1994)].

Differs from var. rockii having folioles lanceolate or narrowly ovate, entire. Gansu, Hubei.


Hong, D. Y. 1998. Paeonia rockii and its one new subspecies from Mt. Taibai, Shaanxi of China. Acta Phytotax. Sin. 36: 538-543.


Hong, D. Y. & Pan, K. Y. 1999a. A revision of the Paeonia suffruticosa complex (Paeoniaceae). Nordic J. Bot. 19: 289-299.


Hong, D. Y. & Pan, K. Y. 1999b. Taxonomical history and revision of Paeonia sect. Moutan (Paeoniaceae). Acta Phytotax. Sin. 37: 351-368.


Hong, D. Y. & Pan, K. Y. 2005a. Notes on taxonomy of Paeonia sect. Moutan DC. (Paeoniaceae). Acta Phytotax. Sin. 43: 169-177.


Hong, D. Y. & Pan, K. Y. 2005b. Additional taxonomic notes on Paeonia sect. Moutan (Paeoniaceae). Acta Phytotax. Sin. 43: 284-287.

Hong, T. & Osti, G. L. 1994. Study on the Chinese wild woody Peonies (II) - New taxa of Paeonia L. sect. Moutan DC. Bull. Bot. Res., Harbin 14: 237-240.


Gansu: Wenxian, Baimahegou, alt. 1570m, wild, 28 April, 1993, Zhang Qi-rong 19930428 (Holotypus, Chinese Academy of Forestry).

Hubei: Baokan, Dashui, alt. 1600m, wild, 28 September, 1993, Hong Tao et Dai Zhen-lun 19930928 (CAP). Guanshan Forestry Center, alt. 800m, cultivated, 28 April 1994, Hong Tao 19940428.

Hong, T., Zhang, J.-Y., Li, J.-J., Zhao, W.-Z. & Li, M.-R. 1992. Study on the Chinese wild woody Peonies (I) New taxa of Paeonia L. sect. Moutan DC. Butt. Bot. Res., Harbin 12 : 223-234.


no type, no localities given!

Schmitt, Eric, LES PIVOINES, ÉTUDE SYSTÉMATIQUE DU GENRE PAEONIA L., Plantes de Montagne et de Rocaille, Société des Amateurs de Jardins Alpin, 2000:194 70-80


P. rockii (S.G. Haw & L.A. Lauener) T. Hong & J.J. Li, 1992

subsp. rockii

Synonymes : P. rockii subsp. lanceolata Y.L. Pei & Hong, 1993 nomen nudum

P. rockii subsp. linyanshanii T. Hong & G.L. Osti, 1994

Type caractérisé par ses folioles lancéolées ou étroitement ovoides, généralement entières ou avec parfois 1 à 3 lobes.

Originaire du centre et sud du Gansu (région de Wenxian, Wudu..., en lisière de forêts de Pinus armandii vers 2800 m), Shaanxi (près de Lueyang), Henan (région de Songxian, Neixiang, dans des forêts d'orme entre 1000 et 1500 m), Hubei (près de Shennongjia, mont Baokang, dans les forêts entre 1400 et 2100m). Pei (1993) avait nommé P. rockii subsp. lanceolata les populations de l'ouest de la chaîne Qinling qui présentent des folioles lancéolées; mais n'a pas publié la description.

Ces populations ont été décrites officiellement par Hong & Osti sous le nom de P. rockii subsp. linyanshanii et le nom subsp. lanceolata apparaît encore dans le matériel étudié par Pei & al. (1995).

Dans l'herbier de Paris, un échantillon récolté en avril 1919 dans le sud-est du Gansu près de Wang Jia Wan par Licent (n° 5006) présente toutes les folioles entières, lancéolées. Il correspond bien à cette sous-espèce.

Dans un premier temps, la sous-espèce rockii était considérée comme le type à folioles dentées, le plus répandu dans les collections. Néanmoins, après observation de l'holotype de P. suffruticosa subsp. rockii, Hong De-yuan (1998) a montré que ce spécimen a des folioles plutôt lancéolées et généralement entières, en accord avec la description établie par Haw & Lauener. Aussi, la subsp. rockii a été reconsidérée comme étant le type à folioles lancéolées entières et P. rockii subsp. linyanshanii placée en synonyme de celle-ci.

Les spécimens à folioles dentées ont donc été décrits sous une nouvelle appellation :


subsp. taibaishanica Hong, 1998

Synonymes : P. moutan subsp. atava Brühl, 1896

P. suffruticosa cv. « Rock's Variety » (= cv. « Joseph Rock ») Stern,1959

P. suffruticosa subsp. atava (Brühl) S.G. Haw & L.A. Lauener, 1990

Diffère du type par ses folioles ovoïdes ou arrondies, généralement lobées.

Originaire des provinces de Shaanxi (mont Taibai, Longxian) et Gansu, près de Tianshui.

P. moutan subsp. atava a été décrite à partir d'un simple échantillon récolté en 1884 dans la région de Chumbi (sud du Tibet, près de la frontière du Bhoutan et du Sikkim). Brühl (1896) précise que les pétales sont blanc teintés de rosé, avec une large tache pourpre foncé près de la base. Il affirmait également qu'il ne fait aucun doute que cette sous-espèce pousse à l'état sauvage dans les collines près de Chumbi et qu'elle est la forme ancestrale des nombreuses variétés de jardin.

Hong De-yuan (1997a) et ses assistants ont mené des recherches en mai-juin 1996 dans la région de Chumbi, pour essayer de retrouver la pivoine récoltée par King. Les habitants de la région ne leur ont indiqué la présence d'aucune pivoine sauvage dans ce secteur. Ils ont en revanche trouvé un spécimen de P. rockii, cultivé depuis longtemps dans un temple près de Lhassa.

Du fait de cette découverte, et d'après la description des divers spécimens récoltés dans la région, Hong De-yuan conclut donc que P. moutan subsp. atava doit être considérée comme P. rockii introduite des monts Qinling par des moines et cultivés dans des temples.

Shen, B. A. 2001. The study on classification, identification and revision for the medicinal plants of Sect. Moutan in Paeonia from China. Lishizhen Med. Mat. Med. Res. 12: 330-333.








For the understanding of the article it is necessary to read to passages of the ICBN:

Quotations from the Sait-Louis-Code of the ICBN, as available on the website http://www.bgbm.org/iapt/nomenclature/code/SaintLouis/0001ICSLContents.htm



Art. 33.3



33.3. A new combination, or an avowed substitute (replacement name, nomen novum), published on or after 1 January 1953 based on a previously and validly published name is not validly published unless its basionym (name-bringing or epithet-bringing synonym) or the replaced synonym (when a new name is proposed) is clearly indicated and a full and direct reference given to its author and place of valid publication, with page or plate reference and date (but see Art. 33.2, 33.4, and 33.6).

Art. 33 Note 1

Note 1. For the purpose of this Code, a page reference (for publications with a consecutive pagination) is a reference to the page or pages on which the basionym was validly published or on which the protologue is printed, but not to the pagination of the whole publication unless it is coextensive with that of the protologue.



43.1

43.1. A name of a taxon below the rank of genus is not validly published unless the name of the genus or species to which it is assigned is validly published at the same time or was validly published previously.



Art. 32.1 (c)

32.1. In order to be validly published, a name of a taxon (autonyms excepted) must: .... (c) be accompanied by a description or diagnosis or by a reference to a previously and effectively published description ....



Art. 37.1

37.1. Publication on or after 1 January 1958 of the name of a new taxon of the rank of genus or below is valid only when the type of the name is indicated.



Art. 12.1

12.1. A name of a taxon has no status under this Code unless it is validly published