F.C. Stern A Study of the Genus Paeonia
descriptor
? Ann. de Gand. 2, t. 46 (1846) ;
? Bot. Mag. t. 8173 (1908)
? Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 44, 70, cum tab. (1908)
? New Flora and Silva, 3, 279,c.ic. (1931).
? Notes PI. France Crit. Pares Now. fasc. 2, 50 (1850)
? Rev. Hort. 1911, 431, figs. 184, 185
A.Gray, Synop. Fl. N. Amer. Ed. Robinson, 1, 56 (1895)
Adamovic in Engler & Drude, Veg. Erde, 11, 87 (1909)
Adamovid in Engler & Drude, Veg. Erde, 11, 119 (1909)
Aiton, Hort. Kew, Ed. 2, 3, 315 (1811)
Aiton. Hort. Kew. Ed. 2, 3,317 (1811)
Aiton Bot. Mag. t. 1422 (1811);
Aiton Bot. Mag. t. 1441 (1812)
Aiton Bot. Mag. t. 1754 (1815)
Albow Prodr. Fl. Colchicae {Trud. Tiflis Bot. Soda, 1, Suppl.), 14-15 (1895).
Amo y Mora, Fl. Fanerog. Penins. Iber. 6, 745-748 (1873)
Anderson in Bot.Reg.t.474 (1820)
Anderson in Trans. Linn. Soc. London, 12, 254-282 (1818)
Andrews Bot. Rep. 1, t. 64 (1799),;
Andrews Bot. Rep. 10, t. 612 (1810)
Andrews Bot. Rep. 6, t. 373 (1804)
Andrews Bot. Rep. 7, t. 448 (1807).
Andrews Bot. Rep. 7, t. 486 (1807);
Andrews Bot. Rep. 8, t. 514 (1807-08) ;
Argenta, Album Ft. Med.-Farm. 1, t. 31 (1862)
Ascherson & Graebner, Syn. Mitteleur. Fl. 5, ii, 550-558 (1923).
Asso, Syn. Stirp. Indig. Aragon. 68 (1779) ; non L. emend. Willd.
Aznavour in Magyar Bot. Lapok, 16, 7 (1917).
Bailey, Stand. Cycl. Hart. 5,2434- 2435 (1916);
Bailey in Rhodora, 18, 156 (1916).
Baillon, Adansonia, 4,56 (1863)
Baillon, Ic. Fl. France, 3, t. 262-265 (1885-94) ;
Baker & Moore in Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 17, 376 (1879)
Baker Gard. Chron., er. 3, 92, 61, fig. 32 (1933)
Baker Gard. Chron., N. Ser. 21, 779-780 (1884)
Baker Gard. Chron., N. Ser. 21, 828-829 (1884)
Baker Gard. Chron., N. Ser. 22, 9-10 (1884)
Baker Garden, 31, 513, c. ic. (1887),
Baker Garden, 72, 291 (1908)
Baker ibid. 24, 48, fig. n (1886) ;
Barcelo, Fl. Balear. 18 (1879)
Basu, Ind. Med. PI. 1, 36, t. 23 (1918)
Battandier & Trabut, Fl. Anal. Syn. Algerie Tunisie, 13 (1902).
Baumgarten Emm. Stirp. Transsilv. 2, 91 (1816) ;
Bean, Trees and Shrubs, 3, 265 (1933)
Bean, Trees and Shrubs, Ed. 3, 2, 120 (1921).
Beck, Fl. Bosn., Herzeg. 186 (in Wiss. Mitt. Bosn. Herzeg. 13, 212), (1916);
Beck, Fl. Nied.-Oesterr. 1, 393 (1890) ;
Bertoloni, Fl. Ital. 5, 392-395 (1842) ;
Bieberstein Fl. Taur.-Cauc. 2, 10 (1808), 3, 367 (1819)
Bivona, Stirp. Rar. Sic. Descrip. Man. 4, ia (1816)
Boissier & Reuter, Diagn. PI.Nov.Hisp. 4 (184-2)
Boissier & Reuter Pugill. PI. Nov. 3 (1852)
Boissier Elench. PI. Nov. Minus Cogn. It. Hisp. 7 (1838),
Boissier Fl. Orient. 1, 97 (1867) ;
Boissier Res. Hart. 1899, p. 565, fig. 238
Boissier Voy. Bot. Esp. 1, t. 3, 2, 14 (1839) ;
Boissier Voy. Bot. Esp. 2, 714 (1845)
Bonnier Fl. Compl. France, Suisse,Belg. 1, 40, t. 22 (1911)
Bonpland, Descr. PI. Rar. Malm. t. 9-47 (1813)
Bonpland Bot. Mag. t. 1756 (1815),
Bonpland Bot. Mag. t. 2888 (1829)
Bonpland Bot. Reg. t. 1436 (1831)
Bonpland Bot. Reg. t. 42 (1815),
Bonpland Bot. Reg. t. 485 (1820),
Bonpland Bot. Reg. t. 630 (1822),
Boreau, Fl. Centre France, Ed. 3, 2, 27 (1857) ;
Brandza in Anal. Acad. Romans, Ser. 2, 2, 587, t. 2 (1881)
Brandza Prodr. Fl. Romane, 38 (1879-83),
Bretschneider, Hist. Ew. Bot. Exfil., China, 191, 204 et al. (1898)
Brewer & Wats. Bot. Calif. 1,13 (1876), pro parte;
Briquet Prodr. Fl. Corse, 1, 580-581 (1910).
Brotero Fl. Lusit. 2, 299 (1804), non L. emend. Willd.
Brühl in Ann. Bot. Gard., Calcutta, 5, ii, 114, t. 126 (1896).
Buhse Aufzähl. Transkauk. Pers. Pfl. 8 (1860)
Bumat Fl.Alpes- Marit. 1,54 (1892), pro parte ;
Bunge Emm. PI. China Bor. Coll. 3 (1834),
Bunge in Mem. Sav. Etrang. St. Petersb. 2, 77 (1834)
Busch in Kusnezow, Busch & Fomin, Mat. Fl. Caw. Crit. 3, 224 (1903).
Busch in Kusnezow, Busch & Fomin, Mat. Fl. Caw. Crit. 3, iii, 8-14 (1901).
Cadevall & Salient, Fl. Catal. 1, 57, c. fig. (1915)
Cambessedes Enum. PI. Balear. 33 (1827) ; Costa, Fl. Catal. 9 (1864)
Chabert in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 36, 18 (1889).
Clusius Hist. 1, 281 (i6oi).
Colmeiro, Enum. y Rev. PI. Penins. Hisp.-Lusit. 1, 87-90 (1885)
Cosson Comp. Fl. Atlant. 2, 52-54 (1886).
Cosson Notes PI. Now. Pares Crit.fasc. 3, 93 (1851)
Costa, Introd. Fl. Cataluna, 9 (1864)
Coste, Fl. France, 1, 56, c. fig. (1901)
Coutinho, Fl. Portugal, 240 (1913)
Coutinho, Nota Fl. Portug. 7, 5 (1930)
Coventry, Mid Flow. Kashmir, I, 19, t. 10 (1923) ;
Cox PI. Introd. Farrer, 43 (193.0) ;
Cusin & Ansberque, Herb. Fl. Franc. 1, t. 151-154 (1867);
Dalla Torre & Samthein Fl. Tirol, 6, ii, 223 (1909).
Davidson & Moxley, Fl. S. Calif. 143 (1923)
Davidson, Calif. PI. fig. 31 (1898) ;
DC. Fl. France, 5 (6), 643 (1815) ;
DC. Prodr. 1, 65 (1824)
DC. Syst. 1, 387-394 (1817)
Delic. Prag. 5 (1822) ; G. B. Presl, Fl. Sic. 1, 27 (1826).
Desfontaines Cat. PI. Hort. Reg. Paris, Ed. 3, p. 213 (1829) ; non Desf. (1804).
Desfontaines in Du Mont de Courset, Bot. Cult. Ed. 2, 4, 462 (i8ii), nom. illeg.
Desfontaines Tabl. Ecole Bot. Mus. Hist. Nat. Paris, 126 (1804)
Diels in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 29, 324 (1900)
Donn, Cat. Hort. Cantab. Ed. 3, p. 102 (1804), nomen subnudum
Douglas, Journal Trav. N. Amer. 192, 197, 20i, 268 (1914).
Douglas, Journal Trav. N. Amer. 64, 333 (1914)
Duby, DC. Bot. Gall. Ed. 2, 1, 18 (1828)
F. C. Stem in Bot. Mag. t. 9594 (1940).
F. C. Stem in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 56, 72-77 (1931);
F. C. Stem in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 68, 124-130 (1943).
Falk Beitr. 2, 198 (1785-86), non L. emend. Willd.
Farrer, Eaves of the World, 110-113, ii5, 127, i62 (1917)
Fedtschenko & Fleroff, Bull. Missouri Bot. Gard. 6, t. 3 (1918) ;
Fedtschenko & Fleroff, Fl. Eur. Russ. 413, fig. 303 (1910) ;
Fedtschenko,0. & B. Consp. Fl. Twkest. in Beih. Bot. Centralbl. 18, ii, 216 (1905),
Fedtschenko,0. & B. in Isyyestiya Twkest. Otdyela Russ. Gheogr. Obshch. 5, i, 23 (1906)
Fedtschenko, Fl. Ross. Austro-Orient, fasc. 4 (in Acta Horti Petrop. 43, fasc. i) 322, fig. 330 (1930)
Fedtschenko, Rastitel 'nost Turkestana, 406 (1915)
Fedtschenko Acta Horti. Petrop. 23, 351-3 (1904).
Fedtschenko Fl. W. Thien Shan. 1, 103-5 (1904),
Fellman, PI. Vase. Lapp. Or. (in Not. S&llsk. Fauna and Fl. Femiica FSrh. 8), 5 (1864-69)
Finet & Gagnepain Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 51, 524-527 (1904),
Finet & Gagnepain Contrib. Fl. Asie Or. 1, 221-224 (1905)
Finet & Gagnepain Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 53, 405, fig. 169 (1913)
Fiori & Paoletti Fl. Anal. Ital. 1, 526-527 (1898).
Fiori & Paoletti Fl. Ital., fig. p. 188 (1899)
Fiori, Nuovo Fl. Anal. Ital. 1, 669-670 (1924).
Fischer in Hook. Lond. Journ. Bot. 1, 207 (1842).
Forbes & Hemsley in Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 23, 22 (1886)
Franchet & Savatier, Emm. PI. Jap. 1, 14 (1874);
Franchet, PI. David, 23 (1884);
Franchet in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 33, 382 (1886),
Franchet PI. Delavay. 31-32 (1889)
Freyn in Oesterr. Bot. Zeit. 1901, p. 382 ;
Fritsch Excursionsfl. Oesterr. 212 (1897) ;
Fritsch in Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 44, 136 (1894),
Fritsch in Verh. Zool. Bot. Ges. Wien, 49, 240 (1899) ;
Gandoger, Fl. Cretica, 5 (1916) ;
Garsault Descr.PI.Anim.3,259-260,t4353 (1767)],
Garsault Fig. PI. Anim. Med. t. 435 (1764),
Gaudin, Fl. Helvet. 3, 453 (1828)
Gautier Cat. Rais. Fl. Pyr.-Or. 71 (1898).
Georgi, Beschr. Russ. Reichs, 3, 1050 (1798), nom. subnud.;
Gmelin Fl. Sibir. 4, 184, t. 72 (1769) ; Pallas, Reise, 2, 244 (1773).
Golmeiro, I.e. 89 (1885)
Gosson Compl.Fl.Atlant. 2, 53 (1886) ;
Gouan Fl. Monsp. 266 (1765) ;
Grecescu, Consp. Fl. Roman, 43 (1898).
Greene Fl. Francis. 307 (1892)
Greene in Gard. and For. 3, 356 (1890),
Grenier & Godron, Fl. France, 1, 52-53 (1848)
Grossheim, Fl. Kavkaza, 2, 91 (1930)
Grossheim, Fl. Kavkaza, 2, 91 (1930);
Grove & Forrest, ibid. 68, 97, fig. 41, 43, 44 (1920)
Gueldenstein Reisen, 2, 19 (1791).
Gürke in Richter, PI. Europ. 2, 402-403 (1903) ;
Gussone, Fl. Sic. Prodr. 2, 29 (1828),
Gussone Fl. Sic. Syn. 2, i, 26 (1843) ;
Halacsy, Consp. Fl. Graec. 1, 35 (1901)
Hallier, Koch's Syn. Deutschen and Schweizer Fl. Ed. 3, 57 (1890)
Hance in Journ. Bot. 18, 257 (i88o), 20, 257 (1882)
Handel-Mazzetti Anz., no. 25 Math.-nat. Akad. IViss. Wien, 57, 365 (1921),
Handel-Mazzetti Symbolae Sinicae, 7, 265-266 (1931)
Harding, Peony, 113, cum tab. (1917)
Hartinger, Atl.Alpenfl. 2, t.113(1897) ;
Havier, Koch's Syn. Deutsch. Schweiz. Fl. 58 (1890);
Hayek, Fl. Steierm. 1, 434 (1908)
Hayek, Pflanzendr. Oesterr.-Ung. 1, 448, et al., fig. 308 (1915-16)
Hayek Prodr. Fl. Penins. Balcan. 1 (in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. Beih. 30, i), 297-298 (1924).
Hegi, ///. Fl. Mitt. Eur. 3, 454, c. fig. (1909)
Heuffel in Verh.Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 1858, p. 49;
Hire, Rev. Fl. Croat. 1 (in Rad. Jugoslav. Akad. 167, 115), 444-445 (1906)
Hook. f. & Thorns, in Hook. f. Ft. Brit. India, t. 30 (1872);
Hook. f. & Thorns. Fl. Ind. 60 (1855),
Hook Bot. Mag. t. 3175 (1832) ;
Hooker, Fl. Bor.-Amer. 1, 27 (1829)
Hook Garden, 31, 513 (1887).
Hook Journ. Jard. 1838, p. 279 ;
Hort Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 44, 50, cum tab. (1908).
Hort Garden, 31, tab. p. 512 (1887);
Hort Garden, 36, 8, c. tab. (1889).
Host Fl. Auslr. 2, 64 (1831), pro parte;
Howell, Fl. N.W. Amer. 1, 27 (1897)
Huth Bot. Mag. t. 7788 (1901)?
Huth Bull. Herb. Boiss. 5, 1095 (1897)
Huth Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 14, 266-273 (1891),
Huth Flora and Sylva, 1, 230, 231 cum tab. et fig. (1903)?
Huth Jardin, 11, 216, cum tab. (1897)?
Huth Journ. Soc. Nat. Hort. France, Ser. 3, 15, 274 (1893)?
Huth Rev. Hort. Beige, 29, 177, fig. 26 (1903)?
Jacques in Journ. Jard. 1842, p. 317, c. ic.
Jahandiez & Maire, Cat. PI. Maroc. 2, 240 (1932).
Jahandiez, Cat. PI. Vase. Var. 14 (i9o8).
Janka in Oesterr. Bot. Zeit. 5, 6o (1855), 6, 193 (1856),
Jaume St. Hilaire, Ft. and Pom. Franf. 6, t. 502 (1833);
Jaume St. Hilaire PI. France, 4, 2, c. tab. (1809).
Javorka, Magyar Fl. 350 (1924).
Jepson, Fl. Calif. 5, 515 (1914),
Jepson Man. Flow. PI. Calif. 373 (1923) Pro parte
Joh. Kemer, Hort. Sempervir. t. 229 (1806),
Joh. Kemer, Hort. Sempervir. t. 473 (1816)
Joh. Kemer, Hort. Sempervir. t. 524 (1818)
Joh. Kemer, Hort. Sempervir. t. 530 (1819)
Joh. Kemer, Hort. Sempervir. t. 645 (1822)
Joh. Kemer Gartenflora, 8, t. 246 (1859)
John Miller, ///. Sex. Syst. L. t. 47 (1777);
Jordan in Jordan & Fourreau, Ic. Fl. Europ. 2, 37-38, t.319- 322 (1903).
Kanitz, PI. Roman. 6, 173 (1879-81) ;
Karsten and Schenck, Veg.-Bild. 5, t. 20 (1907);
Kerner in Verh. ^ool.-Bot. Ges. Wien, 12, 571 (1863); nonJaume St. Hil. (1809).
King MS. in Herb., Calcutta
Kitaibel Add. Fl. Hung. Ed. Kanitz (in Linnaea, 32, 488 : 1863), 184 (1864), non L.
Kittel Taschenb. Fl. Deutsch. Ed. 2, p. 790 (1844),
Knoche Fl. Balear. 1, 475-6 (1921), non P. corallina var. leiocarpa Goes.
Koch, RShlings Deutschl. Fl. 4, 56 (1833),
Koch, Syn. Fl. Germ. Helv. Ed. 2, p. 26-28 (1843) ;
Koch in Flora, 24, ii, 441 (1841)
Komarov, Fl. Mansh. 2, 224-226 (1903)
Komarov, Fl. U.R.S.S. 7, 25-36 (1937)
Komarov in Not. Syst. Herb. Hort. Bot. Petrop. 2,5-7 (1921)
Korshinsky, Tent. Fl. Ross. Or. (in Mem. Acad. Sc. St. Pttersb., Ser. 8, 7), 21-22 (1898)
Korshinsky in Acta Horti Petrop. 12, 301-302 (1892).
Krylov, Fl. Sibir. Occ. 5, m6-8 (1931) ;
Krylov Fl. Altaya, 1, 47 (1901),
L. Mantissa altera, 247 (1771)
L. Sp. PI. 1, 530 (1753) ;
L. Sp. PI. 1, 530 (1753) ;
L. Sp. PI. 2, i22i (1800);
L. Sp. PI. Ed. a, 1, 748 (1763)
L. Syst. Nat. Ed. 10, 2, 1079 (1759),
L. Syst. Veg. Ed. 14, p. 502 (1784),
Lazara e Ibiza, Comp. Fi. Espan. 2, 356-357 (1907)
Ledebour Fl. Altaica, 2, 277 (1830)
Ledebour Fl. Ross. 1, 73-74 (1842)
Le Grand in Bull. Assoc. Franc. Bot. 2, no. 15, p. 62 (1899)
Lemaire in Fl. Serres, 4, sub. t. 308 (1848).
Lem in III. Hort. 14, t. 579 (1869).
Lemoine in Rev. Hort., 1906, p. 14, cum tab.
Letoumeux, Etude Bot. Kabylie Jurjura, 25 (1871) ; non Biv.
Leveille in Bull. Geogr. Bot. Le Mans. 25, 42 (1915)
Lindley Bot. Reg. 32, t. 9 (1846);
Lindley Bot. Reg. sub t. 819 (1824);
Lindley Garden, 79, 351, c. fig. (1915).
Lindley Journ. Hort., Ser. 3, 15, 517, c. fig. (1887),
Lindley Journ. Hort., Ser. 3, 18. 464, c. fig., p. 463 (1889) ;
Linn. f., PI. Rar. Hort. Upsal. fasc. i, p. 9, t. 5 (1767)
Lipsky, Fl. Cauc. (in Trud. Tiflis Bot. Soda, 4) 213 (1899) ;
Lipsky Fl. Ciscauc. 235 (1889-92).
Loddiges, Bot.Cab. t. 1263 (1827)
Loiseleur Deslongchamps, Fl. Gall. 1, 386 (1828) ;
Lojocono Pojero, Fl. Sicula. 1, i, 53 (1888).
Lomakin in Trud. Tiflis Bot. Soda, 1, 30 (1895),
Lomakin in Trud. Tiflis Bot. Soda, 2, 280-283 (1897);
Loret & Barrandon, Fl. Montpellier, Ed. 2, p. 18 (1886) ; non Mill.
Loudon, Arb. et Frut. Brit. 1. 250 (1838).
Loudon, Ladies' Fl. Gard. Orn. Perenn. 1, t. 12 (1843)
Loudon Hort. Brit. N. Ed. [3] Suppl. II, 653 (1839).
Loureiro, Fl. Cochinch. 1,343 (1790) ; non L. emend. Willd.
Lovet & Barrandon, Fl. Montpellier, Ed. 2, p. 18 (1886),
Lynch in Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 46, 2, fig. i (1909) ;
Lynch in Journ. Roy. Hort. Soc. 12, 433-442, fig. 24-32 (1890).
Magyar, Nov. Lap. 6, 85 (1882)
Makino & Nemoto, Nlppon-Shokubutsu-S6ran {Fl. Japan), Ed. 2, p. 331-332 (1931)
Makino in Bot. Mag. Tokyo, 12, 302 (1898),
Makino in Engl. Bot. Jahrb. 14, 265 (1891) ;
Makino in Journ. Jap. Bot. 5, No. 9, p. 33-36 (1928);
Mandl et in Oesterr. Bot. Zeit. 71, 177, fig. 2 (1922)
Mandl in Bot. KSs.1. 19, 90 (1921),
Mansfeld in Fedde, Rep. Sp. Nov. 47, 274 (1939);
Mares & Vigineix, Cat. Rais. PI. Vase. Balear. 12 (1880).
Mariz in Bull. Soc. Brot. 4, 112 (1886) ;
Marquand in Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 48, 158 (1929).
Marsilly, Cat. Vase. PI. Indig. Corse, 14 (1872)
Martyn, Mill. Gard. Dict.2, i, no. 5 (1807)
Maximowicz, Emm. PI. Mongol. 31 (1889),
Maximowicz, Prim. Fl. Amur. (in Mem. Acad. Sc. St. Petersb. 9), 29, 468, 480 (1859)
Maximowicz Fl. Tangut. 28 (1889)
Maximowicz in Acta Horti Petrop. 11,34(1890)
Maximowicz in Bull. Acad. Sc. St. Pitersb. 31, 13 (1887),
Maximowicz Mil. Biol. 12, 416 (1893) ;
Meyer in Gartenfl. 84, 175-177, cum fig. (1935)
Miller Gard. Dict. Ed. 8, no. 2 (1768) ;
Miller Gard. Dict. Ed. 8, no. 3 (1768)
Miller Gard. Dict. Ed. 8, no. 4 (1768).
Miquel, Prod. Fl. Jap. 197 (1866-67) ;
Miscz. ex Grossheim, Fl. Kavkaza, 2, 92 (1930)
Miyabe & Takeda FeddesReport. Sp Nov.12,319(1913);
Miyabe & Takeda Gard.Chron.,Ser.3,48,366, fig.153 (1910),
Moggridge, Contrib. Fl. Mentone, t. 3 (1871) ;
Moore in Journ. Linn. Soc. London, Bot. 17, 376 (1879)
Moris Fl. Sardoa, 1, 64, t. 4 (1837)
Morris, Fl. Consp. t. n (1825-30).
Moss, Cambr. Brit. Fl. 3, 155, t. i66 (1920)
Munby Cat. PI. Alger. Ed. 2, p. i (1866)
Munby Fl. Alger. 18 (1888),
Munz. Man. S. Calif. Bot. 170. fig. 176 0935)
Murray in Comm. Soc. Sc. Getting. 7, 90-92 (1786).
Mutel, Fl. Franc. I, 38 (1834) ;
Neilreich, Aufz. Ungarn and Slav. Gefasspfl. 246 (1866) ; non Mill.
Neilreich Augzahl, Nachter, 70 (1876).
Neubert's Deutsch. Gart. Mag. 46, 386, c. fig. (1893).
Palibin in Acta Horti Petrop. 14, 107 (1898)
Pallas Fl. Ross. Descr. and Ic. I, ii, 93, t. 84-95 (1788)
Pallas ibid. 2, 553 (1773), nomen tantum.
Pallas Nov. Act. Petrop. 10, 312 (1792),
Pallas Reise, 3, 286 (1776).
Pallas Reise, 3, 316-321 (1776),
Pallas Tabl. Taur. 52 (1795) et in
Parsons, Wild Fl. Calif. 341, c. tab. (1897) ;
Paxton Mag. Bot. 1, 197, c. tab. (1841).
Philippe, Fl. Pyrenees, 1, 28 (1859);
Pickwell et al.. Spring Wild Flow. Western Nat. Study, 2, fig. 31 (1931)
Plenck, Ic. PI. Med. 5, 45, t. 432 (1792); non L. emend. Willd.
Popov, Descr. PI. Env. Tashkent, 2,120 (1924);
Pospich,Fl.Oesterr.Küstenl. 2,112(1898);non Mill.
Pospichal, Fl. Oesterr. Küstenl. 2, in (1898);
Pouzolz, Fl. Gard. 1, 32-33 (1856) ;
Prantl in Engler & Prantl, Nat. Pflanzenfam.3, ii, 55 (i888).
Presl. Fl. Sic. 1, 26 (1826)
Printz, Veg.Sibir.-Mongol.Front. 250 (1921).
Prodan, Fl. Romania, 1, 408 (1923)
Pursh in Donn, Hort. Cantabr., Ed. 8, p. 177 (1815).
Raffill Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 35, 372 (1904)
Raffill Garden, 76, 416, cum fig. (1912),
Raffill Garden 84, 352, cum fig. (1920)
Raulin Descrip. Phys. lie de Crete, Bot. 398, (1869), excl. syn. pro parte ;
Raulin Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 89, 397, fig. 213 (i93i)-
Redoute, Choix Fl. 13, t. 104-107 (1827).
Regel & Herder, Enum. PI. Reg. Cis.-et Transition. Semenov. Coll. (in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 37, 404), 22 (1864).
Regel, Reisen Süden Ost-Sibir. Radde, Bot. 1 (in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 34), 124-125 (1861),
Regel Fl. Ussur. 13 (1862) ;
Rehder & Wilson in Sargent, Plant. Wilson. 1, 318-319 (1913);
Rehder in Journ. Am. Arb. 1, 193 (1920),
Rehder Man. Cult. Trees and Shrubs, 214-215 (1927)
Reichenbach Fl. Germ. 4,26 t. 122-128 (1840)
Reichenbach Fl. Germ. Excurs. 751-752 (1832),
Reichenbach Moessler, Handb. Gewächsk. Ed. s, 1, p. IX (1827).
Reichenbach Repert. Herb. s. Norn. Gen. PI. 191 (1841)
Retzius Obs. Bot. 3, 34-35 (1783)
Rev. Hort. 1906, p. 348-9, fig. 139, 140;
Rochel, PI. Banat. Rar. 48, t. 12 (1828)
Rodriques, Cat. Raz. PI. Vase. Minorca, 2, loo (1865-68)
Rodriquez, Fl. Minorca, 4 (1904) ; Bot. Mag. t. 8161 (1907)
Roques, PI. Usuell. Indig. and Exot. 2, 55, t. 13 (1808)
Rouy & Foucaud, Fl. France, 1, 144-146 (1893).
Royle, ///. Bot. Himalayan Mts. 57 (1834);
Ruprecht, Fl. Cauc. (in Mem. Acad. Sc. St. Petersb. Ser. 7, 15, no. 2) 44-47 1869)
Ruprecht Bot. Mag. t. 6645 (1882)
Ruprecht in Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches, 2, 20 (1845),
Ruprecht in Beitr. Pflanzenk. Russ. Reiches, 7, 49 (1850)
Sabine in Bot. Reg. t. 819 (1824) ;
Sabine in Trans. Hort. Soc. 2, 274-280 (1817)
Sabine in Trans. Hort. Soc. 2, 278, t. 18 (1816).
Sabine in Trans. Hort. Soc. London, 6, t. 7 (1826)
Salisbury, Parad. Land. t. 78 (1805) ;
Salisbury Ann. Gand. 5, t. 265 (1849).
Salisbury Prodr. 375 (1796).
Salm-Dyck, Hort. Dyck, 365-370 (1834).
Sampaio, Adic. e Corr. Fl. Portug. (in Bull. Soc. Brot., Ser. 2, 7), 30 (1931)
Sampaio Lista Esp. Rep. Herb. Portug. 53 (1913).
Sampaio Prodr. Fl. Portug. (in Ann. Sc. Acad. Polyt. Porto, 4-6), 8 (1909-11).
Saunders in Nat. Hort. Mag. 13, p. 215-233 (1934)
Saunders in Nat. Hort. Mag. 13, p. 220 (1934).
Saunders in New Flora and Silva, 3, 237 (1931)
Savi, Bot. Etrusc. 2, n8 (1815) ;
Scheutz in Svenska Vet. Acad. Handl. 22, no. 10, p. 80 (i888).
Schinz & Keller, Fl. Schweiz. Ed. 3, 1, 208 (1909) ;
Schinz & Keller, Fl. Schweiz. Ed. 4, 1, 254 (1923)
Schinz & Thellung in Bull. Herb. Boiss., Ser. 2, 7, 181 (1907),
Schinz & Thellung in Viertel-jahrsschr. Nat. Ges. Zürich, 60, 353 (1915);
Schinz in Vierteljahrsschr. Nat. Ges. Zürich, 51, 219 (1906)
Schinz in Vierteljahrsschr. Nat. Ges. Zürich, 53, 533 (1909) ;
Schipczinsky in Komarov, Fl. U.R.S.S. 7, a8, t. 3, fig. i (1937).
Schipczinsky in Not. Syst. Herb. Hort. Bot. Petrop. 1, No. 7, p. 3 (1920).
Schipczinsky in Not. Syst. Herb. Hort. Bot. Petrop. 2, 44-47 (1921).
Schlechtendal, Lang & Schenk, Fl. Deutschl. Ed. 5,11,264, t. 1089-1091 (1882);
Schlosser & Vukotinovic FL Croatica, 188-189 (1869).
Schmidt, Reisen Amur-Lande und Ins. Sachalin {Mem. Acad. Sc. St. Petersb., Ser. 7, 12, no. 2), 32 109(1868)
Schneider, Ill. Handb. Laubholzk. 1, 271, fig. 180-181 (1904)
Schneider Bull. Soc. Dendr. France, 1913, p. 157, fig. 54.
Schrenk, Reise Tundra Samojeden, 2, 486 (1854)
Schukhr, But. Handb. Ed. 2, 2, 81, t. 144 (1808)
Scopoli, Fl. Cam. Ed. 2, 1, 378 (1772);
Seringe, Fl. Jard. 3, 187-193 (1849)
Sibthorp & Smith Prodr. Fl. Graec. 1, 369 (1806), quoad pi. cret. non L.
Siev. in Pallas, JV. Nord. Beitr. 7, 346 (1795).
Simonkai, Enum. Fl. Transsilv. 66 (1886)
Sims in Bot. Mag. t. 1050 (1807) ;
Sims in Bot. Mag. t. 1154 (1808)
Sims in Bot. Mag. t. 1768 (1815).
Sims in Bot. Mag. t. 2175 (1820)
Sims in Bot. Mag. t. 2264 (1821)
Sims in Bot. Mag. t. 2648 (1826)
Smirnov, Emm. Espec. PI. Vase. Caw. (in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 1887) 962 (1887)
Smith in Bot. Reg. t. 1678 (1835)
Smith in Bot. Reg. t. 379 (1819),
Smith in Rees, Cycl. no. 1 (1819) ;
Smith in Rees, Cycl. no. 3 (1819)
Smith in Rees, Cycl. no. 4 (1819) ;
Smith in Rees, Cycl. no. 5 (1819) ;
Smith in Rees, Cycl. no. 6 (1819) ;
Smith in Rees, Cycl. no. 7 (1819);
Smith in Rees, Cycl. no. 8 (1819) ;
Smith in Rees, Cycl. no. 9 (1819)
Sommier in JVuooo Giorn. Bot. Ital. 25, 51 (1893), et N. Ser. 8,19 (1896)
Sowerby & Smith, Engl. Bot. 22, t. 1513 (1806)
St. John, Fl. S.E. Wash. and Adj. Idaho, 153 (1937)
Stapf Bot. Mag. t. 8667 (1916) ;
Stapf Bot. Mag. t. 8742 (1918)
Stapf Bot. Mag. t. 9249 (1931)
Stapf Gard.Chron.,Ser.3, 65, 258, fig.123(1919)
Stapf Garden, 82, 228, c. fig. (1918),
Stapf Garden, 83, 256, cum fig.(1919).
Stapf Garden 84, fig. p. 350-351 (1920) ;
Steam sp. nova, in Gard. Chron. 1941 ;
Stebbins in Madroño, 4, 252-260, t. 37 (1938);
Steven Ann. Sc. Nat. Paris, Ser. 3, 12, 374 (1849)
Steven in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 21, iii, 275 (1848),
Sweet Brit. Flow. Gard. 1, t. 70 (1824)
Sweet Brit. Flow. Gard. t. 113 (1826)
Sweet Garden, 78, 344 (1914).
Syme, Engl. Bot. 1, 68, t. 50 (1863)
Tausch in Flora, 11, i, 83-86 (1828) ;
Tenore, Syll. Fl. Neap. 261 (1831).
Tenore, Viaggio Albruzzi, 71 (1828),
Tenore Fl. Nap. 1, 300 (1815), non L. emend. Willd.
Terasaki, Nippon Shokubutsu Zufu {Jap. Bot. 3, Album), t. 286-287 (1933
Thellung in Bull.Herb.Boiss.,Ser.2,8,902 (1908).
Thiebaut, Fl. Libano-Syr. I. (in Mem.Soc.Inst.Egypte, 31) 37 (1936);
Thiebaut in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 81, 114 (1934).
Thorny, Fl. Deutschl. 2, 125, t. 256 (1886) ;
Thunberg Fl. Jap. 230 (1784), pro parte;
Thurston, Wild Fl. S. Calif. 326, fig. 511 (1936) ; non Dougl. ex Hook.
Torrey & Gray, Fl. N. Amer. 1, 41 (1838) ;
Torrey & Gray -Bot. Reg. 25, t. 30 (1839)
Trabut in ibid. 62 (1889), nom. nud.
Trautvetter in Acta Horti Petrop. 8, 61 (1883), nomen subnudum
Trautvetter PI. Schrenk. (in Bull. Soc. Nat. Mosc. 33), 88 (1860)
Turczaninow, Fl. Baical.-Dahur. 1, 88-89 (1842-45)
Ucria Hort. Panhorm. 225 (1789), non L.
Veitch Cat. 1913, p. 19, cum fig. ;
Veitch Garden, 73, 539, cum fig. (1909) ;
Veitch Horticulture, Boston, 14, 363, cum fig. (1911)
Veitch Rev. Hort. 1914, pp. 196-197, cum fig.
Velenovsky, Fl. Bulg. 16 (1891), Suppl. 1, n (1898)
Vilmorin, Hort. Vilm. (in Bull. Soc. Bot. France, 51, App.) 82, fig. 23 (1906) ;
Vilmorin ?Gard. Chron., Ser. 3, 57, 290, fig. 94 (1915)
Vilmorin ?Somoku Dzusetsu, Ed. Makino, 10, t. 22 (1910);
Vollmann, Fl. Bayern. 261 (1914)
Voss Vilmorin's Blumengarten, 39, (1894).
Wallich, " Cat." no. 4727 (1831),
Wallich Bot. Mag. t. 5719 (1868) ;
Walpers, Ann. 1, 14 (1848)
Webb Iter. Hisp. 80 (1831).
Webb Iter Hisp. 80 (1838), non Biv. ?
Wender in Flora, 12, i, Erg. 29 (1829).
Willdenow, L. Sp. PI. 2,1222 (1800),
Willdenow Enum. Hort. Berol. 572 (1809);
Willkomm, III. Ft. Hisp. Balear. 1, 104-105, t. 65, fig. B (1881-85)
Willkomm in Linnaea, 40, 133 (1876
Willkomm in Oesterr. Bot. Zeit. 25, 113 (1875),
Willkomm in Willkomm & Lange, Prodr. Fl. Hisp. 3, 975-976 (1880),