translations
Golden Wheel
other Synonymes:
Yokihi, Aurea, Oriental Gold, Fan Tan?
xinxin: (lactiflora):
Huang Jin Lun A traditional variety with average high size, yellow green foliages, "Huang Jin Lun" is a rare Chinese herbaceous peony varieties with well known English name "Golden Wheel" in gardeners circle. The flowers are crown type. The outer petals are 2-3 rows and the roll type inner petals are few and scattered, long and narrow, there are some surviving normal stamens among them, the pistils had degenerated. Flowers 10cm x 6cm,yellow,upwards. Flowers many in midseason. To avoid future disappointment, please make purchasing in advance, before July. The prices after September may highly unpredictable
Heze Guohua Peony Research Institute
Huang Jin Lun (Golden Wheel) Mid , Medium height Blooms mid season.One of the best yellow herbaceous peonies in China. flower shape: crown, flower size 15x9cm; plant height to 90cm, stout and erect stalks, upwards flowers, vigorous growth. Color of leaves is yellowish green. Buds and roots is yellow, so it is very easy to identify this plant. Delicate fragrance. Very choice cut flower.
Golden Port International:
Golden Wheel is a rare and unique cultivar in that it culminates all the favorite characteristics of a peony flower. Its delicate shade of yellow blossom 6 inches in diameter carried by a more than a foot long stalk stately rises above the lush green foliage, a sure charmer to every viewer and possibly the only real yellow herbaceous peony on the market.
Heze Guohua Peony Research Institute
Huang Jin Lun (Golden Wheel) Mid , Medium height Blooms mid season.One of the best yellow herbaceous peonies in China. flower shape: crown, flower size 15x9cm; plant height to 90cm, stout and erect stalks, upwards flowers, vigorous growth. Color of leaves is yellowish green. Buds and roots is yellow, so it is very easy to identify this plant. Delicate fragrance. Very choice cut flower.
peonyworld/ (lactiflora)
Huang Jin Lun // Golden Wheel Yellow. Crown form. Flowers ''14cm x 8cm'', inclining to one side, delicate fragrance. Plant height 90cm. Midseason blossoming. One of the rarest varieties of herbaceous peony in the world.
NTSC (lactiflora)
Huang Jin Lun
peonyworld/ (lactiflora)
Huang Jin Lun // Golden Wheel Yellow. Crown form. Flowers ''14cm x 8cm'', inclining to one side, delicate fragrance. Plant height 90cm. Midseason blossoming. One of the rarest varieties of herbaceous peony in the world.
Jakubowski
ORIENTAL GOLD (History p. 75) ORIENTAL GOLD (Japan, 1954) - Double - Yellow, fading lighter. Midseason. Medium tall. Probably a herbaceous hybrid. Parentage unknown. Roots yellow. Stems upright, strong, bright green. Foliage slightly darker, small. Flowers medium in size, double with some hidden stamens, lemon yellow, fading lighter with age. It blooms with the late Japs. It should prove good for landscape work, arrangements and hybridizing. Due to the fact that the origin of this variety is unknown and also its true name uncertain, it is being registered by Mr. Smirnow under the above name. It is hoped that its history may become known at some future time, and that the species from which it has been derived will be discovered. Bulletin 134.
ORIENTAL GOLD - Double - Yellow, lemon-yellow fading lighter. Medium tall. Its roots are yellow, stems strong, bright green with darker foliage. It blooms with the late Japs and the early lactiflora. The flowers are medium size. It should be an excellent landscape variety and good for arrangements. The presence of hidden stamens may hold out great possibilities for hybridists. A few roots are offered for fall delivery at $150.00. The number of eyes are not guaranteed. It will probably be several years before it can be offered again. Smirnow's 1955 catalog. The above two (ORIENTAL GOLD) were stapled together, back to back.
ORIENTAL GOLD (Historty page 117) ORIENTAL GOLD (Louis Smirnow) Species, double, parentage unknown. Bloomed first 1959. Yellow, ball form, no stamens, good substance, one bud per stem. Pollen, no fragrance. I brought this from Japan in 1960. As seedling there it was known as YOKIHI, also AUREA. Have since introduced plant here and countries in Asia, Europe, South America, Australia, and New Zealand. Registered by Louis Smirnow January 16, 1974. Bulletin #209 March 1974.
FAN TAN (History p.113) FAN TAN (Introduced in this country by Louis Smirnow) Originated by a Japanese physician in Japan, 1954. Parentage unknown. Known as AUREA, also YOKIHI. Semi-double flower, apricot tan, suffused yellow. Large petals tipped slightly pink. Early. Bulletin #216.
FAN TAN (APS 1976-85, p. 10) FAN TAN - Introduced in this country by Louis Smirnow. Originated by a Japanese physician in Japan. Known as Aurea, also Yokihi (1954). Parentage unknown. Flower, semi-double. Apricot-tan suffused yellow. Large petals tipped slightly pink. Early.
Dr. Carsten Burkhardt on yahoo!peony
Why is OG
a lactiflora?
My statement erose from comparisons of their
leaves with those of other lactifloras and those of other species
and hybrids. I translated last year the peony sections of the
russian 'Vascular Plants of the Far East' of Charkiewicz
into
german. He separated as follows:
1. Multiple flowers per
stem, leaf margins with cartilagineous teeth ... P. lactiflora
-
Solitary flowers, leaf margins entire ...2
After reading
this I started to touch all the margins of my garden peonies with
my finger tips in 2001: All lactifloras make this impression as if
you go over a very small saw. It is just so touchable, very fine,
but constantly on all
lactifloras. Other species and hybrids
without lactiflora do not have this.
This is the reason for
my statement: It is a lactiflora. A curiosity, ideed, but surely a
lactiflora.
Reiner Jakubowski on yahoo!peony
The name 'Aurea' first appears in the APS Bulletin in 1952. 'Yokihi' appears in 1952. Both references involve a double flowered yellow herbaceous. 'Oriental Gold' first appears in 1954. The references below are word for word what was printed in the APS Bulletins. If you read carefully you will discover that OG was registered in 1974, having first bloomed in 1959, AFTER having been registered in 1954. OG has a reported (June, 1974) chromosome count of 10.
Reiner
American Peony Society Bulletin, September 1954, No. 134 Dept. of Registration, pg. 32
· The following variety, whose name has been approved by the Nomenclature Committee, is presented for registration by the owner of the stock in this country: Louis Smirnow, 8 Elm Court Drive, Sands Point, Long Island, New York.
ORIENTAL GOLD (Japan, 1954). D. M. Y., Parentage unknown. Probably a herbaceous hybrid. Roots yellow. Stems upright, strong, bright green, medium tall. Foliage slightly darker, small. Flowers medium in size, double with some hidden stamens, lemon yellow, fading lighter with age. It blooms with the late Japs. It should prove good for landscape work, arrangements and hybridizing. Due to the fact that the origin of this variety is unknown and also its true name is uncertain, it is being registered by Mr. Smirnow under the above name. It is hoped that its history may become known at some future time and that the species from which it has been derived will be discovered
American Peony Society Bulletin, March 1974, No. 209 Peony Registration, Page 41
· ORIENTAL GOLD (Louis Smirnow) Species Double, Parentage unknown, bloomed first 1959. Yellow, ball form. No stamens, good substance, one bud per stem, pollen, no fragrance. 33-36 inches in height, bright green foliage, blooms midseason. Good stem strength and vigorous. I brought this in, from Japan in 1960. As seedling, there it was known as YOKIHI, also as AUREA. Have since introduced plant here and in countries in Asia, Europe, South America, Australia, and New Zealand. Registered by Louis Smirnow, Jan. 16, 1974.
Don Hollingsworth on yahoo!peony
Apart from the reasons outlined by Carsten, I too conclude the peony Oriental Gold is close to the Lactiflora Group of cultivars, notwithstanding the striking color differences--in flower and roots--cited by Jim Langhamer. My reason is of the breeding (genetic) evidence. Crossed with Lactis it has produced fully fertile progeny. Hybrids between different species are generally mostly infertile to highly infertile in the first generation.
Still in our collection is an un-named seedling, Number 470, from a 1970 cross of OG pollen on an unidentified Lacti (one of our "old farmstead" peonies). Its flowers are blush "mopheads" having pollen-bearing anthers and more or less distorted carpels, When the carpels are normal and not deadheaded, 470 regularly produces more or less full pods of seeds, comparable to many cultivated varieties that are unquestionably accepted Lactis. The significance of this is that in order to produce a high percent of viable germ cells, the genetic sequences of chromosomes received from the two parents must be very nearly the same.
Dis-similarities in same-gene locations of parents is the principle cause of the typical lowered fertility of first generation hybrids (F1) between species. In the chromosome pairing process which precedes the formation of half sets of germ cells, the like genes attract. When the like genes are in different locations on the same or different chromosomes the pairing is confused--the more gene differences, the more confusion and the greater the relative degree of infertility in the F1 progeny generation. This did not happen in case of our peony number 470, so the parental chromosomes must be highly similar.
How come the color variations noted by Jim? My first choice among speculations (hypothesis) is that the yellow coloring of OG results from a gene, or block of genes, which act as recessive. I never got around to testing this proposition for reason ofthe mophead form. By the time this flower blossomed, there were always much superior prospects available for breeding yellow color.
Jack Nordick on yahoo!peony
Oriental Gold is a bit more dark "golden" than any of the other near yellow herbacdeous cultivars, and I have about all of them except Lemon Chiffon (but planted last fall). However, it fades very quickly. It is also very poor in substance and flower quality; not a blossom I would take to a show on that account. The flower is raggy from the moment it opens and the petal tips turn brown and dumpy very fast. Perhaps opened indoors it would have better characteristics. All of the other introduced near yellow cultivars, even primevere, are more presentable. However, it is the only one I know with the unusual yellow roots, and the chartreuse shoots. I would guess that the pigmentation has a different grouping of pigments in addition to the pale flavones. My guess is that the pigmentation is closer to the species Mlokowitchi than the Lactifolias. However, the facination with this peony, as in all mysteries, is that we may never know for sure.
André Bourgonje on yahoo!peony
Dear Jim Langhammer, As You appear to be one of the few people who have been successful in growing and flowering 'Oriental Gold' it would be interesting for all the people out there who are under the impression that it is a difficult peony to please to give them some advice.Please explain under what conditions your 'Oriental Golds' do well like soil, exposure, watering, feeding etc. André Bourgonje The Hague
Jim Langhammer on yahoo!peony
Hi Andre, I think 'Oriental Gold' has been given a bad reputation unjustly. Many people do grow it but find it slow to increase and most find the flower interesting as opposed to "spectacular"!
It has always grown best here in full sun and with ample supplemental water during drought. I suspect it is not a deep-rooted peony like the average "lactiflora" - or perhaps its slow growth requires longer periods of growth to deeply penetrate downwards. For me and other growers locally, I would say it might only double its crown buds each season. Some peonies can quadruple their "eyes" in a single season!
In my yard of heavy clay soils, mid-Summer drought can be a serious concern. In an effort to protect my plant from drying out, I once located an 'Oriental Gold' to a bright but sun-sheltered location on the north side of my home. The plant prospered and bloomed every year but did not make ANY new crown buds while in the shade!I hope this helps you somewhat. Jim Langhammer
FAN TAN (History p.113) FAN TAN (Introduced in this country by Louis Smirnow) Originated by a Japanese physician in Japan, 1954. Parentage unknown. Known as AUREA, also YOKIHI. Semi-double flower, apricot tan, suffused yellow. Large petals tipped slightly pink. Early. Bulletin #216.
FAN TAN (APS 1976-85, p. 10) FAN TAN - Introduced in this country by Louis Smirnow. Originated by a Japanese physician in Japan. Known as Aurea, also Yokihi (1954). Parentage unknown. Flower, semi-double. Apricot-tan suffused yellow. Large petals tipped slightly pink. Early.
GOLDEN WHEEL, Unknown (China), before 1954 and possibly around 800 AD , Paeonia lactiflora, This variety goes by several names (the original Chinese name given is 'Huang Jin Lun', and besides 'Golden Wheel' several illegal synonyms are used around the world, such as 'Oriental Gold', 'Goldmine', 'Minuet', 'Aurea' and 'Yokihi'). Despite this confusing nomenclature this cultivar is very easily recognizable: Everything about 'Golden Wheel' is yellow! The eyes on the plants are yellow, the root system is tinted with yellow and even the flesh is yellow. The foliage has a yellowish green color and very special for a 'normal' herbaceous peony is the fact that the flower color is yellow as well. All of this makes 'Golden Wheel' equally as rare as unique and a must-have for peony collectors and enthusiasts.
GOLDEN WHEEL, Onbekend (China), vòòr 1954 en wellicht rond 800 n.Chr., Paeonia lactiflora, Deze variëteit kent meerdere synoniemen (Originele Chinese naam is 'Huang Jin Lun', maar naast 'Golden Wheel' ook wel omgedoopt tot o.a. 'Oriental Gold', 'Goldmine', 'Minuet', 'Aurea' en 'Yokihi'). Ondanks de geschapen verwarring omtrent de naamgeving is deze cultivar altijd gemakkelijk te herkennen: Alles van 'Golden Wheel' is geel! De ogen op het plantmateriaal zijn geel, de wortels hebben een gele gloed en het 'vlees en bloed' van de planten is ook geel. Het gewas is geelachtig groen en helemaal bijzonder voor deze vaste plant pioen is dat de bloemkleur ook geel is. Dit maakt 'Golden Wheel' even zeldzaam als uniek en een must-have voor de liefhebber.
Kotobuki Bussan:
Habe noch keine neuen Bilder gemacht, weil die Pflanzen ja erst frisch gepflanzt waren und das noch nicht die typische Blüte war. Aber die Blüte sah so aus wie auf dem Bild von Kotobuki. Nur die Farbe auf dem Bild ist etwas zu kräftig. Die Pflanzen haben sich ( trotzdem alle schreien, das Ding wächst so langsam) recht gut entwickelt. Die neuen Wurzeln sind zwar deutlich dünner als bei normalen Lactiflora-Sorten, aber trotzdem schönes Wurzelwerk und genügend neue Augen. Man muß die Pflanzen aber mit Glashandschuhen behandeln. Die Wurzeln brechen wie Glas.
Wilhelm de Wilde, Finnland 2007:
Wang Jian li
Thank you for your information. Mr.Zhao Xiao Zhi, one local peony expert, told me that someone told him that single yellow lactiflora were seen in northern China few years ago, he plans to track that kind of plant.
Since Huang JIn Lun is available, yellow lactiflora of its mother (or father) must be available. I wish that single yellow lactiflora could be found. Best regards,
Jim Langhammer
Dear Wang Jian li,
I am not as convinced as other people that 'Huang Jin Lun' is a derivative of P. lactiflora. I think it more likely that the ancestor will prove to be either an unnamed wild species or perhaps something that is so rare as to be unknown among modern hybridizers. I think that the single form of 'Huang Jin Lun' that is in your friend's garden may be the important link.
To my knowledge the yellow roots and cambium of 'Huang Jin Lun' are unique among herbaceous peonies as well as its odd type of chlorophyll. I recently ran into an old issue of THE GARDEN (Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society) Volume 120, Part 12, December 1995 - pages 742 - 743. In it is an article about Yellowroot (Xanthorhiza simplicissima) an unusual American plant in the family Ranunculaceae but closely allied to the Paeoniaceae. Yellowroot is characterized by yellow roots that have long been prized for medicinal purposes - note that 'Huang Jin Lun' was also supposedly grown for medicinal purposes in China.
The bitter yellow alkaloid "berberine" is medicinally extracted from the roots of Yellowroot as well as from Berberis and Mahonia (Berberidaceae). It is possible that this compound is also present in the yellow roots of 'Huang Jin Lun'. If so, it would give a chemical clue to the origins of 'Huang Jin Lun'. Jim Langhammer
Jim Langhammer
Friends, I spent some time web-browsing and found another relative of the genus Paeonia that has the alkaloid berberine in its roots - Coptis chinensis or Goldthread (Ranunculaceae). Interesting that Goldthread and its herbal extract is known as "huang lian". I find the parallel to 'Huang Jin Lun' interesting! Jim Langhammer
Huang Jin Lun (Golden Wheel) (PIVOINES HERBACEES CHINOISES): cet hybride herbacé complètement jaune est très rare et hautement considéré en Chine : f 1rs. double jaune clair
Minuet (Huang Jin Lun) Slow growing plants with pale green thick glossy foliage.The delicate pale yellow colouring is uniform and does not fade. Midseason. Shorter variety
Zhaojing Lv
Huang Jin Lun is the best chinese herbaceous yellow peony.its flower bud and blooming flower and plant root are all yellow colour,and it's foliages and stems are yellowish green.so it is very easy to identify this plant.This plant is chinese traditional herbaceous peony variety , and it is a rare Chinese herbaceous peony varieties with well known English name "Golden Wheel" in gardeners circle also. The flower shape is crown type. The outer petals are 2-3 rows and the roll type inner petals are few and scattered, long and narrow, there are some surviving normal stamens among them, the pistils had degenerated. The flowers size is 15cm x 9cm,yellow colour,upwards flower.delicate fragrance.erect stalks and upwards flower,vigorous growth.Plant height up to 90cm.so it is a good choice for this plant to do fresh cutting flower.Blooming flowers period is in midseason. If you are interested in this best chinese herbaceous yellow peony,you would better contact with me privately with my E-mail lvzhj3412@yahoo.com.cn In order to avoid future disappointment, please make purchasing in advance.If you have any question or advice,I would like to receive your information as soon as possible.Please look over my website www.jinghuipeony.com Kind regards Zhaojing Lv
Don Huckenberry
I used to try the nearly impossible, now I'm more focused on the possible, but still prefer the somewhat challenging. My real thoughts are, I have this endangered species orientation, and what if Huang Jin Lun actually is what remains of an extinct Chinese yellow herbaceous species? (I am skeptical.) If Huang Jin Lun is senescent by now, its offspring can live a few more centuries, and the genes of the extinct species in them. My plans are to work up an order from China for 2008, and if I don't wind up in prison after dealing with certain of our federal agencies, do some breeding with what I get. Other people should breed plants that bear many seeds; I should breed Peonies because their seeds are few, and I don't have to pretend to be selective and throw most of the seedlings out. I love them all, and don't want to part with any of them.
Carsten, thank you very much for sending me to speedcloud; beautiful site. I do have a few double yellow herbaceous plants from Galen. (But their yellow doesn't purport to come from an extinct Chinese species; it's from a very much alive Caucasian.)
Marina Kasimova
Dear Lv, Yes, everyone knows that Huang Jin Lun is a beautiful peony. On pictures. Only, most of us have never seen it in flower. We spent a fortune on a couple of root divisions and then they slowly die in our gardens.I have it for 5 years. It produces one stem, sometimes with a small flower bud, which never come to flower. It would be better, if you could give us an exact discription of your soil and more details on its care. Otherwise, Huan Jin Lun will remain unpopular. In my opinion, the peonies that require so much special care are not good peonies. Best regards, Marina Kasimova
Burkhardt:
Dear Marina, I have to agree with you. A peony which is so special that almost nobody here in Europe is able to grow it under normal conditions will remain a „collectors item“ forever. Here in Germany are some importers, which offer the plant for more than 100 Euros. In almost every garden this super-expansive plant dies and this is a very bad advertising for peonies in general. If someone calls me and asks for a good yellow herbaceous peony I NEVER suggest him to try first with Huang Jin Lun. Bart or GT, Mloko are always better choices.
Zhaojing Lv
I think your peony in your garden is not true Huang Jin Lun. If you plants true variety name Huang Jin Lun,then you can see the beautiful flower next spring. It never be died that growing five year with no flower. A lot of friends got a large quantity Huang Jin Lun ,in order to cut flower for fresh cutting flower market, they all have a good response. kind regards Lv Zhaojing
Marina Kasimova, Denmark:
Of course it is a true one. It has yellow roots and yellow eyes. Before I bought it, everyone said that it will most probably die. I have to say that they were right. Out of 5 original plants, 3 died the first year. Two went on. I dig them up once in a while to see a rather decent root system, with 5 plum eyes. In this state, any other normal peony would already give some flowers. This one never does. I actually consider it an accompishment that I managed to keep it for 5 years. Lv. Trust me, it does not help to promote a peony, which has this bad reputation, unless you give a precise description on how to grow it. You say you have a good responce from some of your friends. Good! I
would very muich like to hear from them.
Please, anyone in Europe or US/Canada who successfully grows Huang Jin Lun. Tell us how to make it happy! Thank you in advance, Marina
Dick Houtenbos, France
Yellow peony lovers
Of all the commercial cutflower growers that I know that have this variety, just one of them knows how to keep it alive and get some production of the plants. Seemingly enough for him to continue.All the growers acknowledge that it a "piece of art" that needs more attention than most of them were willing to spend on the plants. It is my impression it does better in warmer climates.
On the other hand it is fascinating to see how people/commercial growers act on any new yellow variety peonies. It is clear that we all want something of limited availability, but we are talking about yellow. This color is not in demand in the commercial cutflower industry and in my opinion will not be in demand for the foreseeable future. You google "yellow color of hate" and you get close to 2 million hits.
We all know what happened with Bartzella, starting off at $300 and now offered for less than 10 euro in some quantities. Than we have Lemon Chiffon still at some crazy price of 300/400 euro while it has adventitious roots. In 5/10 years you will see a peony promotion "buy one get one Lemon Chiffon free" Huang Jin Lun was next to not available some years ago at a price of 60 plus dollars and now they are begging you to buy them for less than 7 euro. We have seen the same in the oriental lilies. History likes to repeat itself Dick Houtenbos
Jim Langhammer, USA
Dick and other interested parties, As someone who has had variable success with Huang Jin Lun over the years. I can tell you the plant is beautiful and well worth attempting to grow here in the US. I'm in a mild zone 5 in SE Michigan. I have a yellow clay subsoil which when amended with organic material is suitable for almost all peonies - except the native American species.
In my immediate vicinity I can tell you that HJL does much better in gardens with almost pure sand than in my own clay soil.
I don't think temperature is a primary factor for failure with HJL. I suspect that insufficient moisture and siting in full sun may be hazards to success. My happiest plants were always in medium shade.
I'm puzzled by the reports of several growers who are reporting a lack of bloom on otherwise apparently healthy plants. I'm intrigued by Dick's feeling that yellow is unpopular for the cut-flower trade in France. That is not true here in the US - and in my experience gardeners are zealous for yellow peonies that are affordable. Jim Langhammer
Ruud Warmerdam, The Netherlands
Dear All, A couple of years ago we imported plants of Huang Jin Lun from China. Planted them in a very humusrich soil and they didn't give spectacular growth, but all emerged. One year later we dug them all out. Normally we leave all plantings for two years, but this time we took these plants out already after one growing season. And I was glad we did. Already the plants showed heavy rootknot nematode infection. And never before we had seen nematode infection on this lot, not in any of the many varieties we grow. Disappointed as we were we removed all visible 'knots' from the roots and divided all plants into small planters. All plants were given hot water treatment and we replanted the lot back on a sandy soil. Next year we will dig them out again and see what we have left...
One other grower here has a similar experience with imported Huang Jin Lun, and he acquired his plants from a different source in China than ourselves. So without wanting to badmouth Chinese growers at all, I just want to stress that perhaps not in all cases the variety itself is the cause of disappointing growth. A good and healthy start is the only way for a new planting - of any variety - to be able to perform well.
Personally I like to hang on to the thought that special varieties like Huang Jin Lun can, and should, become a succes. Best regards,
Marg Hansen, Tasmania, Australia
RE mortality it Huang Jin Lun I bought 3 from China, saw a few leaves the first year and nothing after that. I blamed the fumigation as they came through quarantine. After reading the posts I would say they don't like Tasmanian conditions.regards Marg Hansen, Tasmania, Australia
